Crowd Funding in Perspective of Australia

Question: Talk about the Crowd Funding in Perspective of Australia. Answer: Presentation: Group subsidizing is a famous method of financing through speculators for a particular reason. It has got its quality since long. The reason for this method of subsidizing is to guarantee an amount of financing by the speculators for specific purposes which might be of social, business or different purposes. It is for the most part discovered that group finding is put forth to make some business attempt or for some social purposes. It is seen that this instrument is utilized for various purposes. Group financing has crossed its distinctive level progress through various endeavors selected by the applicants directly from mailing to the most recent method of web to raise assets for explicit purpose(lipton-herzberg, 2016). Interest in any structure has an immediate connection between the store raisers and the financial specialists as enthusiasm of both the gatherings. As this sort of financing is produced using the group or individuals with no determination of the speculators, it is being seen that the individuals who put resources into the group subsidizing has some normal enthusiasm for general for which they react to the basic reason which may have social or different qualities for which they can feel a similar stage to energize a particular effort(Young, 2013). Portrayal of group financing We will examine various parts of group financing as definition and clarification of group subsidizing, with certain models with regards to business just as social exercises and a point by point conversation of group subsidizing in regard of the Australian situation with the accentuation on control proportion of the equivalent through corporate law and its likenesses with the global law of group financing selected by any nation so far the administrative locale is concerned(Nesta, 2012). Definition: To characterize swarm financing, the fundamental idea of this speculation is to be comprehended. It is for the most part an exertion through which modest quantity of speculation from individual for raising support design is being made through a major system which may comprise of gatherings of same mindset, network or the country in general. This idea of store raising[4] might be started through various exercises to make individuals mindful of the reason for this speculation pull and when the financial specialists feel that the equivalent can have direct enthusiasm to satisfy their requests, they come deliberately forward to put resources into the equivalent venture(Rider, 2015). The idea of group subsidizing can be utilized for various purposes which might be useful for starting any business or social reason. Clarification: This idea is primarily to raise supports which are made for a particular explanation with business or social worth. The financial specialists feel intrigued when they locate the equivalent has ability to engage their necessities. The idea of group subsidizing isn't to raise finance from a lot of individuals with the status of investors to engage the requirements of any association, however it is being sued for the most part for a reason which is generally acclaimed by mass and they are prepared to contribute for the purpose(Cunningham, 2012). The need of group subsidizing is seen from quite a while in the past when the reserve was required for some regular reason to fulfill the enthusiasm of the individuals of any network. The ongoing idea of group subsidizing is getting great well known among the planned venture pullers when web had appeared with its more extensive reach to the individuals. Web based life is assuming an indispensable job in this perspective. Various stages as site or online networking is being utilized by the planned speculation searchers to arrive at the intended interest group to clarify the venture and the fundamental explanation of raising assets for the purpose(Hanrahan, Ramsay, Stapledon, 2015). Instances of group financing: As we probably am aware, the reasons for c swarm subsidizing are diverse it might be for business reason, or for social reason with non-benefit expectation. While the business motivation behind group financing has the immediate effect of raising assets for the business reason, it offers various sorts of limited time exercises to be benefited through this gathering pledges exercises for the speculators. Business case of group financing in Australia: Tatura Hotel: The exertion of group financing by the Tatura Hotel is being propelled in the site indegogo.com. This exertion of group subsidizing has generous reaction by raising assets of even $11,000 every day so far the record appears. As this is a period bound crusade the proposer of this group financing, Bugs evaluated an absolute draw of around $ 65K by the specified timespan. The intrigue of this group subsidizing drive is upheld by the offers which were including the customized kind of naming of the nourishments and the various pieces of the Pub with the names of the financial specialists. The venture boundary of this drive is fixed according to the proposal to the speculators. The uniqueness of this raising support drive is highlighted by the achievement of this exertion which is known as the amount of subsidizing determines the prizes, the more the venture is, the estimation of the prizes are more lucrative(Ryan, 2014). Red Robin Supper Truck: The partners of Brisbane Bands, the meshes, Patience Hodgson and John Patterson had raised a battle for swarm subsidizing of Red Robin Supper Truck which is food truck and positioned on perpetual premise at the rear of Death Valley, a bar nearby to Southside Tea Room. This case of group subsidizing isn't just focused to significant level of mechanical turn of events yet additionally focuses on more contributions to the clients to guarantee the future faithful client base which can be instrumental for advancement of business. This drive of group financing had come about to extra $1000 for additional turn of events and development for the Red Robin Supper Truck. The battle had been coasted in Possible(Murton, 2015). . Social case of group subsidizing in Australia: There are various endeavors of helping the humankind through social exercises by gift for which the assistance of group subsidizing is looked for. One of such model was raising money endeavors in Australia which had been propelled through the foundation of gofundme.com. Oliver bicycle ride across Cambodia: This exertion of group subsidizing is chiefly to encourage the offspring of Cambodia by riding a bicycle to cover 850 Kilo miters more than eight days all through Cambodia for fund-raising on the ground of noble cause to be reached out to the kids by the name of the crucial One Step One Life which is being bolstered by the beloved companion of Oliver, Jake[9]. The target of this drive is the guarantee finance for expanding little grant for which they had taken such a significant number of activities in most recent two years like arrangement of a completely overhauled and prepared school for the kids empowering them to get to the advantages of high innovation which they probably won't have prior; stretching out sponsorship to encourage the grant to the youngsters: guaranteeing work to fifteen neighborhood Cambodians to show the school to preparing them for training English and different subjects in the One Step One Life school: production of filtered water flexibly for the towns of Ca mbodia, and so on. For this reason there is a colossal prerequisite of reserve which can be produced through this drive of group financing which can raise store of $1500 as start-up capital. Other significant data is accessible in the organization(Kirby, 2016). Proposed authoritative structure for guideline of group financing in Australia: The authoritative division of Australia had started movement to change the current enactment of Corporation Act 2001 through Corporation Amendment Bill (Crowd Sourced Funding) 2015. The fundamental motivation behind this bill is to make a system to control the publicly supported financing for the wannabe organizations both open and little unlisted substances with the arrangement of early on alleviation to them in regards to consistence of legal administration with empowering the service to permit the clearing and settlement office administrators excluding them from recognized segments of the Australian Market License[10](Ashurst, 2015). The structure of the bill will comprise of three timetables to give the qualification measures to CSF contributions with commitments for the proposed substances, the procedure of contributions, guidelines viewing fragmented exposure as the piece of offer identified with CSF with insurance to the speculators. Strategy obsession and financial avocation of Crowd Sourced Funding (CSF) is to guarantee advancement and help of imaginative thoughts in Australian economy in context of CSF for new businesses which needs satisfactory account for their business. It is discovered that deficient account is the greatest boundary for advancement as the consequence of the innovative work can't discover its introduction to the world in the application stage for insufficiency of reserve explicitly for SME units. The concentrate of CAMAC report finds the resultant Capital Gap which is limiting the organization for financing the important strides for additional advancement which is banished from pulling in new wellspring of assets from conventional sources and the element can't draw in support through open issue of securities(CAMAC, 2014). Monetary avocation of this bill is produced from the bottleneck of unseemly data, externalities and the fundamental bulky consistence of the Corporations Act. The said bill had been alluded by the Senate to the Senate Standing Committee on Economic enactment on third December, 2015 for additional examination and enquiry about the said bill with the normal time of report on 29th February, 2016. The report had been distributed by the said Committee on first walk 2016. The result of the report accentuated on the significance of the job of fund for fire up division with the security to the speculators, also separated from other large plans identified with creative measures and ensuing efficiency. The two fundamental proposal of the board of trustees portrays that the senate should pass the bill with guaranteeing governance[11] to be deliberately checked for guaranteeing the cautious usage o

Regis University Programs

Regis University offers various degree programs, a grown-up instruction program, and eight ace degree programs. It likewise works with other instructive foundations through establishment programs. An inward investigation on different useful territories like promoting, the board, and account decided the intensity of the organization. The foundation achieved an absolute IFEM score of 2.8.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual investigation test on Regis University Programs explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction and Overview Regis University, an organization in the training division, is situated in Denver. The key worker for the college is its leader, David M. Clarke. At the point when David showed up at the organization, it confronted a few issues. Clarke guided the foundation to extraordinary development. The development came about because of the security that the foundation had with the individuals from the business network. Inside Analysis Perfo rming an inner investigation includes considering the qualities and shortcomings that a business encounters throughout executing its exercises. The all out IFEM score for the interior investigation is 2.8. This suggests the establishment is solid in its tasks and market. The board The establishment encountered a significant quality through the instructive capacity and encounters of its leader, David M. Clarke. The contextual analysis shows that the president has recently been working in the scholastic field and in the corporate world as a scientific expert, an encounter that proves to be useful when running the college. This quality loads 0.09. Account The University’s money related position is a significant quality. The foundation has had the option to open a few branches over the territory of Denver. The university’s accounts weigh 0.05, which means a low desire to move quickly. In this way, the college should proceed with its raising money exercises as they guarante e its monetary security. Advertising and Service The showcasing and administrations on offer from Regis University weigh 2.7. This means a solid position. The college has had the option to convey quality administrations to its market and team up with different divisions. For example, it has been working in contact with the business world and different universities in conveying its establishment program. Creation and tasks The creation and activity exercises weigh 2.7. This shows these exercises rate as solid. The college has enhanced its exercises to cover various areas. What's more, it has been effective in building up other instructive projects that suit it client’s needs. Such estimates will guarantee that the college is effective in future.Advertising Looking for contextual investigation on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Human Resource Management The administration of HR at the college weighs 2.2. This suggests the exercises under the segment rate as moderate. The college is just ready to use its senior specialists however it has other low level laborers available to its. In this way, the college ought to guarantee that the low-level specialists are furnished with the essential aptitudes so they may productively serve the foundation. Innovative work The innovative work exercises that the college participates in weigh 2.7. This infers they are solid. The college regularly does inquire about on organizations and creates programs that may suit its business needs more fittingly. In this way, the college should proceed with its innovative work endeavors by holding more reviews and meetings with its customers to guarantee it ceaselessly creates programs that will sufficiently satisfy its business and expert needs. Administration conveyance The college administration conveyance techniques weigh 3.0. The contextual investigation recommends that the areas of the college are effectively op en. In this manner, the college should proceed with such practices which will guarantee they stay important in the business. Teaming up with Business The university’s bond with different organizations weighs 2.6. These bonds help the foundation in growing its business exercises. In this way, the college should keep making such bonds. Specialty Market The specialty showcase for the college weighs 3.1. This infers it is extremely solid. Grown-ups favor the grown-up instruction program of the college. Hence, the college ought to ceaselessly build up programs that address the issues of these grown-ups and guarantee they remain the most loved foundation among them. Outside Analysis The outer investigation is an examination of the dangers and openings that a business encounters over the span of executing its exercises. This investigation incorporates advertising, the board, money, conveyance of administrations, creation, innovative work, and data frameworks. The all out EFEM score for the inside investigation is 2.7. This infers the organization faces ideal conditions in its tasks and market.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Regis University Programs explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Competition The college just experiences rivalry from two different foundations. This gives it a bit of leeway and a significant open door in the market. The opposition weighs 2.7. This infers it is truly good. Consequently, the college ought to expand its exercises to guarantee it keeps up its upper hand on its rivals. Industry The training business lingers behind as far as developments. The business weighs 2.6. This suggests it is great. Therefore, the college ought to amplify its benefits by persistently making upgrades to the business and presenting new projects that may in the end help in expanding its benefits. Financial Conditions The monetary conditions that the college encounters weigh 3.1. This suggests they are truly good. Just Regis University encounters this solid open door because of its past tasks. Consequently, the college can use these conditions to enhance its monetary exhibition and make an upper hand over its rivals. Social Factors The college appreciates ideal social factors in its grown-up instruction program, which weighs 2.6. The grown-up understudies have great conditions through which they can exceed expectations in their examinations. This is not normal for different establishments that offer comparative projects yet in poor conditions. In this manner, the college should utilize the solidarity to further its potential benefit and extend its instructive projects to cover more extensive territories. Social Factors The college appreciates an ideal social condition, which weighs 2.8. This is basically in light of the fact that grown-ups learn all alone while youths likewise do likewise. These gatherings don't meddle with one another. In this way, the college ought to use the chance f urthering its potential benefit and guarantee all understudies exceed expectations in their examinations. This will pull in more understudies to the foundation. Segment Factors The segment factors weigh 3.0. This suggests they are truly ideal. The contextual investigation shows that grown-up students go to isolate classes from the youthful students and at various occasions. This encourages their learning exercises and suggests that the college should exploit the great air to promote its projects and make an upper hand over its rivals. Clients The college has clients from different territories and ages who have made its prominence to increment after some time. The clients weigh 2.8 suggesting that they are positive for the college and still come to get training from it. The college has figured out how to get clients from through different organizations and individuals.Advertising Searching for contextual investigation on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More In this manner, the college should set up techniques for keeping up them and wind up making an upper hand over its rivals. Pundits The pundits to the university’s operational strategies are dangers. They weigh 2.1. This infers they are unfriendly. They recommend that the way where the college leads its tasks with different organizations will meddle with the nature of instruction. In this manner, the college should continue conveying quality training that is standard while it fulfills the society’s needs and addresses the issues the pundits raise. End From the outer investigation, the all out EFEM score of 2.7 shows that the chances and dangers the college are good. The procedures suggested will help the college in growing its market and in building up an upper hand over its rivals. This contextual analysis on Regis University Programs was composed and presented by client Rashad Gomez to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Blue Collar Brilliance Essay Example

Blue Collar Brilliance Essay As I would see it intellectually with Mr. Roses article on hands on splendor, Mr Rose attempts to tell the peruser on the diverse levelsof work there is for high taught individuals contradicted to the non instructed. Moreover he attempts express through his family encounters in the workplace how an individual with a physical work isn't so not quite the same as an individual with a significant level of instruction, they are equivalent in occupation to work sees however not in the public arena. My mom Rose Mesaglio (Rosie), molded her idenity as a server in bistros and family resteraunts† (Rose, 2009) This is by a wide margin one of my preferred articulations offered by Rose, from my own encounters in the work field. I like Rose’s mother Rosie began from the â€Å"not knowing† when she began her activity, to turning into an exceptionally qualified server through hands on preparing. Observe there is no school eduaction required for this profoundly physical activity. At the point when I began my work I was as uneducated as Rosie, however in time through difficult work and hands on preparing I had the option to adjust to my enviornment and in the end I learned numerous things en route for instance, I learned simply like Rosie utilizing momentary memory which at long last formed into instinctual development. Likewise note I figured out how to issue unravel, manage clients, be a pioneer, and develope a feeling of pride when every one of these attributes were formed into one intellectual reasoning procedure. For example like Rosie I adjusted to my enviroments when an issue came to be an issue. We will compose a custom paper test on Blue Collar Brilliance explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Blue Collar Brilliance explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Blue Collar Brilliance explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Instruction from a conventional perspective is vigorously organized by a general public that depends on innovation and stomach muscle financial outlook. Individuals of this age will in general accept that a decent eduaction is the most straightforward approach to climb the stepping stool in practically any field picked. School thus doesn't give you the hands on exercises that are found out in a workplace, basically makes you book brilliant. While on the opposite finish of the stick you have your manual laborers,who fundamentally do everything a school graduate does’nt need to do. Unskilled workers appear to adjust obviously better than a â€Å"eduacted† individual since you learn as you go, it might take somewhat longer to state â€Å"advance† yet the advantages immeasurably out gauge a â€Å"book. † You figure out how an organization really funtions from its most reduced activity to the most significant level, instead of somebody straight from school, knows only just what they were instructed through a book. A book can not inform you concerning the truth of the world and its work enviroment, that instructed through doing not perusing. In conlcusion I have called attention to the contrast between a school graduate contradicted to a non instructed individual, would they say they are so unique? Its miserable how society marks individuals by absence of eduaction. On the off chance that a portion of these alleged high classed eduacated individuals would take the time and really carry out a responsibility outside of there world, would’nt that additionally be considered â€Å" Learning†? Consider it, to beccome lowered by your own activities is a learning experience. Society today has a low feeling of comprehension about manual and office employments. They just glance at the spread rather than what truly lies inside. I solidly accept that society needs a rude awakening as to truly accomplishes all the work to make the world move as it does. Likewise as I would see it learning at work can or is more gainful than what any school or school can educate about an exchange. So next time you see an exterior decorator, server, or perhaps pizza conveyance man, consider how hard that individual attempts to make that organization succeed, its not the proprietor who does it. An organization is on a par with its representatives, primary concern.  Referrences http://www. theamericanscholar. organization/industrial splendor/Quotation by Rose, 2009

Washington Irving - Literature Essay Samples

Washington Irving Washington Irving, considered the father and creator of the American short story, writes symbolically of American society through his characters and themes. He  is credited with  bringing short stories into the Dark Romantic movement. Irving uses elements of Dark Romantic writing to point out the flaws of humanity in most of his early works, particularly  in â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker†.  These works display  immoral traits to show dark sides of characters, a trope of the Dark Romanticism movement. They focus  on the evil aspects of everyday life and people, in addition to highlighting the flaws of society. Irving was one of the only Dark Romantic authors who used stories to expose  societal flaws  so that they might  be fixed. In â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker,†Ã‚  the motifs of greed and loveless marriage feature prominently within the mode satire of satire ,   The motif of greed presents itself in â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† specifically in Ichabod Crane’s yearning for Katrina Van Tassel. Crane desires to be with her not because of true love or fate, but purely because of his greed and  her fortune. â€Å"Ichabod Crane had a soft and foolish heart towards the sex; and it is not to be wondered at, that so tempting a morsel soon found favor in his eyes; especially after he had visited her in her paternal mansion† (7). Crane was not  drawn to her romantically until he visited her and saw what she possessed. After seeing the size and beauty of Katrina’s home, Crane assumes that she comes from a wealthy family. He envisions this kind of life for himself. â€Å"As the enraptured Ichabod fancied all this . . . his heart yearned after the damsel who was to inherit these domains† (Bily 150). Crane’s selfish desire for wealth becomes  his obsession for Katrina. In Irvings  eyes, greed is a cha racteristic that is morally wrong, and the act of marrying someone only for their wealth or social status is evil. He  uses Crane’s character to symbolize greedy Americans, placing him within the  Dark Romantic movement. Irving also uses greed to portray the faults found in the characters in â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker.† Tom Walker, the gluttonous and selfish husband will do anything to save himself. When the devil, also known as Old Scratch, approaches Tom with a proposition that would increase Tom’s wealth, he initially declines: â€Å"If she got the money he would try to get a share of it, and if the devil took away his helpmate—well, there were things that he had made his mind to endure, when he had to†¦ showing that he wanted to save soul and money both†¦ was not a man to stick at trifles when money was in view† (1; 1). When the devil first makes the offer to Tom, he declines it because he would have to share his profits with his wife. He  cares  more about his own wealth and life than that  of his wife. This evil desire eventually leads to her gruesome murder. When the devil takes away Tom’s wife, Tom is not upset but instead rather excited that he has acquired money from the deal. He realizes that with his wife not around, he no longer has to share the profits. James Lynch, a writer with the New York Folklore Quarterly explains: â€Å"Greed is one of the most important [motifs] of â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker.† Tom is approached by Old Scratch and offered wealth beyond his wildest dreams† (Lynch 58). Furthermore, Irving chooses to use this greed and lack of sadness at  losing his wife to negatively portray the couples greed-filled relationship. Not only does greed cause harmful and appalling things to happen, but it proves that it can destroy relationships. Greed, a negative characteristic of life, directly contributes to the Dark Romantic qualities that Irving shows through the story. Irving uses the story and the motif of greed to show the faults and evil things that come as a result of greed, therefore relating it to the concept of Dark Romanticism. Irving also relates greed to the Dark Romantic movement by his use of the motif of loveless marriage. This motif is present in many of his stories because he uses it to depict Americans and the shortcomings of their marriages. In â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† Irving uses the relationship between Ichabod Crane and Katrina Van Tassel to show the evil side of a marriage without true love. Their relationship is not one of love, but rather one of material wants and selfish reasons. â€Å"Ichabod Crane had a soft and foolish heart towards the sex; and it is not to be wondered at, that so tempting a morsel soon found favor in his eyes; more especially after he had visited her in her paternal mansion† (21). Crane did not marry Katrina because of his abundant love that he has for her, but instead because she is a very wealthy person who comes from a very privileged family. Also, Katrina never mentions how much she loves Ichabod. This shows the lack of love between them. â €Å"Ichabod is quickly taken in by her flirtatious charms, but it is when he first visits her father’s abundant farm that he considers himself truly in love with her, or at least her likely inheritance† (Nelson 151). Once again, it is shown that Crane could not care less about love for Katrina. He only cares for what she has; it is not true love, there is no love within the relationship. Irving uses this motif to highlight the flaws in marriages between Americans. Essentially, Irving uses this as a symbol to help to point out how morally wrong a loveless marriage is so that it can be changed. He does this to help highlight the flawed marriages of Americans. The same motif is used to show how deceitful the marriage is in â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker.† Irving uses the relationship between Tom Walker and his wife to show how a lack of true love in a relationship will ultimately destroy the marriage. The marriage comes to an end after the apparent passing of Tom’s wife. â€Å"Tom was a hard-minded fellow, not easily daunted, and he had lived so long with a termagant wife, that he did not even fear the devil (1). Tom Walker has no love for his wife of many years. In their marriage, love is a low priority. Love is not the true reason of their relationship. Their marriage is one of dishonesty, greed, and selfishness. As found in Irving’s other stories, characters connected to each other within marriage have no compassion for the other person, ultimately showing the lack of love in the marriage. â€Å"Irving criticized marriage by showing how Tom Walker was perfectly fine after his wife was apparently dead; he had no re morse or sadness towards her passing† (Plummer 209). When the death of a spouse or loved one occurs in a loving relationship, the other person is devastated. After the passing of his wife, Tom does not mourn over her death. Irving uses a loveless marriage to show how this kind of relationship is detrimental for society. This has a direct correlation to American society when marriage is not based on love. When people are involved in a loveless marriage, the relationship will erode the marriage vow and lower society’s views and expectations of marriage. Irving incorporates satire into his works in order to depict the flaws of Americans and how we live. He uses satire and ridicule to essentially make a mockery of Americans and what they do. In â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† Irving uses humor to show the negative effects of the relationships in the story and how awful they can become. Through satire he expresses his beliefs on the flaws of many aspects of American life. In the story, Ichabod Crane is so obsessed with Katrina that whatever she does, he likes: â€Å"†¦soft anticipation stole over his mind of dainty slapjacks, well buttered and garnished with honey or treacle, by the delicate little dimpled hand of Katrina Van Tassel† (3). Irving’s use of satire and humor points out the thin line in human society between fiction and non-fiction. Crane is so fixated on Katrina Van Tassel that all he can do is watch her and be preoccupied with her and everything she does. Irving does this in order to convey t o people that not everything is true and good. This is an important message that Irving passes along to people through the story. â€Å"This is a story about storytelling and the limits of the imagination, and Irving carefully constructs his satire to focus on the dangers of believing in stories too much and the boundaries between fiction and non-fiction. He does this through Ichabod Crane, who is presented as a man who does not understand the limits of imagination. He is obsessed by his dreams of marrying Katrina Van Tassel† (Bily 152). Crane does not have limits to his imagination or on what is real and what is not. He dreams about marrying Katrina and that he will do whatever to make that possible. In the story, there is no mention of Katrina’s will to marry him. This is directly displaying Irving’s satire in relation to a common event found in American society and life. Many times, people have fantasies about marrying others and what they would do in order t o do so, but they often do not come true. Irving is conveying this message in his story to show the effects of that belief. Irving’s point of using satire is to blur what is reality and what is not, which can ultimately leave us exposed, just as Crane was in the story. Irving uses satire while showing what the effects of believing untrue things are. People are hurt when they do this, ultimately showing how satire can be an element of Dark Romantic writing. Satire is a Dark Romantic element that is also found in â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker, and marriage is the subject most satirized. Irving uses the marriage between Tom and his wife to show how terrible relationships can be and the effects they can have  on other people. In the story, people see their relationship and immediately are thankful that they are not married: â€Å"the lonely wayfarer shrunk within himself at the horrid clamour and clapper clawing; eyed the den of discord askance, and hurried on his way, rejoicing, if a bachelor, in his celibacy† (1). Irving uses this satire as a mockery of American marriage and what people think of it when it does not work out. When people see a fight within a relationship, they understand  how awful the relationship truly is and how they are thankful that they are not in such an appalling relationship. Another thing that is satirized in the story is when Tom turns to religion for a new start and then he becomes an arrogant man who is critical of everyone. Irving does this to show the irony of the situation of turning to faith and what is right and then doing the wrong things as a result. â€Å"In addition, Irving satirizes the way Tom turns to religion and became extremely critical of his neighbors, despite the fact that his own soul was damned†¦Irving manages to satirize several element of his own society while telling the kind of story many people were already familiar with† (Piedmont-Marton 212). Irving uses satire as a humorous element of writing in order to show flaws and the problems in American society. Overall, Irving, as a Dark Romantic author, focuses on the negative side of humanity by incorporating flawed characteristics in his characters in â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† and â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker.† Irving uses greed to display the effect it has on everyday life and how it  can hurt people and relationships in both stories. The motif of greed helps to position Irving as a Dark Romantic author because it shows the evil side of humanity and life. The motif of loveless marriage shows the harmful relationships in which his characters are involved. The motif shows how Irving uses faulty and harmful marriages in order to help correct those found in American society. Additionally, he uses satire to show how believing in things that are not real  can ultimately hurt people. Works Cited Abel, Darrel. â€Å"The Rise of a National Literature,† American Literature: Colonial and Early National Writing. New York: Barron’s Educational Studies, 1963. Bily, Cynthia, for Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997. Hedges, William L. Washington Irving: An American Study, 1802- 1832, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1965. Irving, Washington. The Devil and Tom Walker. Worcester (Massachusetts): Putnam, Davis and, 1896. Print. Irving, Washington. The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. New York: of Wonder, 1990. Print. Lynch, James. â€Å"The Devil in the Writings of Irving, Hawthorne and Poe,† in the New York Folklore Quarterly, Volume VIII, 1952. Nelson, Michael, for Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997. Piedmont-Marton, Elisabeth, for Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997. Plummer, Laura, for Short Stories for Students, Gale Research, 1997.

Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace...

When placed in the right situations and circumstances, all human beings are capable of revealing a darker side of them-a side that almost everyone is afraid to show. No one will admit to having a dark side in them, until nature forces them to face it. Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace by John Knowles are two books that emphasize man’s savagery through their characters, themes, and plots. At first, all men have hidden savagery, then something triggers the savagery within them, and they complete the transformation. The human race holds a dark side lurking within them. In most cases, humans are unaware of its existence because of the high standard expected in civilization.â€Å"Where’s the man with the megaphone?† The fair†¦show more content†¦Jack’s obsession triggers something within him that strives for power and control. â€Å"He tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up†(Golding, Page 51). Jacks transformation from civilized bully to savage killer has begun. Rounding up the other boys, Jack pulls them into the addictive chase of killing the pigs. Even Ralph and Piggy, the two that wanted to keep order alive the most, get caught up in the hunt, proving that everyone can be provoked and only a few can resist the urge to give in to wickedness. Hunting has possessed Jack, and he will stop at nothing to kill the pigs and the beast at the expense of all else, even rescue. In A Separate Peace, Gene is triggered by his jeal ousy towards Finny. His jealousy seems harmless at first but continues to grow. â€Å"He had never been jealous of me for a second. Now I knew that there never was and never could have been any rivalry between us. I was not of the same quality as he. I couldn’t stand this† (Knowles, Page 59). The novel’s plot is the problem of Genes increasing envy of Finny. Incapable of the spiritual purity of Phineas, Gene finds himself jealous of Finnys ability to ignore Devon rules in his attempt to enjoy an unregulated friendliness with the adult world. â€Å"Gene has come to see that this enemy never comes from without, but always from within† (Ellis, Para 4). After being pulled into their own desires, the characters in Lord of theShow MoreRelatedThe Comprehensive Effects of War Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of war and as only happening to soldiers, a simply counterfactual statement. The effects of war are seen throughout the novels A Separate Peace by Joh n Knowles and Lord of the Flies by William Golding, two books written about wars by men who were involved in war. Knowles went to school during World War II and then joined the Royal Air Force for eight months. Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940 and fought a variety of battles for seven years. War has an impact on civilians as much it has an impactRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies 1299 Words   |  6 PagesSavagery in Civilization: Symbolism in Lord of the Flies Symbolism as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the use of symbols to express or represent ideas or qualities in literature, art, etc.† (â€Å"Symbolism†). For this reason, symbolism is utilized in literature in order to make novels more interesting and convey notions that are usually either highly controversial or extremely philosophical. For example in the popular novel A Separate Peace, John Knowles uses Gene in order to depict the themeRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies and John Knowles A Separate Peace671 Words   |  3 Pagesevil. These types of counterpart characters are known as doppelgangers. A doppelganger is an alter ego of ones charisma. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and John Knowles’ A Separate Peace, the characters Ralph/Jack and Gene/Finny represent doppelgangers, explaining how they complement each other and maintain supremacy. One significant pair of characters who separate is Ralph and Jack. Their dual natures cause differences among themselves due to various reasons. From a physical standpointRead MoreLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 PagesFor me, coming of age novels always grab my attention contrary to other genres. Novels such as Lord of the Flies by William Golding and The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky are among some of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality

Relation Between Man And The Nature Of Things - 2046 Words

Andrew Campbell Gorski/ Pols Theory 17 May 2016 Montesquieu Blog Project Of the relation of laws. According to Montesquieu, law signifies the relationship between man and the nature of things. In this respect, our author has divided laws into two classes; natural and positive laws. Natural laws are laws which are derived from God himself - â€Å"laws by which He created all things†(19). These such laws are consistencies observed through the physical world, in relation to mankind. In this premise, Montesquieu claims that all beings have similar inherent characteristics of sensation and emotion. Instead of knowledge uniting the natural man, a commen sense of emotion first united us; â€Å"United by sensation...by knowledge†(19). With this regard, our author theorizes that all of mankind, since the beginning, had laws derived from a sort of inherent sense of justice. Montesquieu then creates a short list of natural laws in relation to man. The first law being that man is inherently peaceful. In order to examine natural laws, one must observe man prior to the constraints of society. From the beginning, man must have needed a vessels to know, before having the ability to understand. Hence, man would have first been consumed with preservation of his or her own life. Only once the basic needs of human life are satisfied, then man can start to observe their inequalities; â€Å"he would think of the preservation of his being, before he would investigate its origin† (20). Fear ofShow MoreRelatedHow Does Private Property Begin1140 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Rousseau the state of nature which he mentioned was suppositious, primordial habitation where humans live uncontaminated by the society. He said men are born with the blank face which is neither good nor bad, but the society and social environment in which he is brought up plays an important role in shaping their nature. People have complete physical and emotional freedom for doing anything in society. But he also mentioned some of the drawbacks of humans are that they have not yetRead MoreEssay on Labor and Alienation1718 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Political economy conceals the estrangement inherent in the nature of labor by not considering the direct relationship between the worker (labor) and production† (Pg. 30). According to Marx, human nature is neither fixed nor transcendent; instead, it is alterable and embedded in the productivity of everyday life. The only fixed attribute that we have is our openness. We are different from other animal species in the sense that we are able to adapt to different natural environments by creating aRead MoreOedipus, Not A God But A Man1437 Words   |  6 Pages from the ashes of the old. But in Thebes, Oedipus, not a god but a man, sees through the riddle, and this action, whether it constitutes a restoration of the city’s life or its refounding, coronates the beneficent tyrant. Unfortunately, we cannot stop here but must continue, for this account of his blindness, in neglecting his dealing with the sphinx and the relation of that to his familial crimes, leaves undisclosed the nature of Oedipus himself. For if we understand the riddle of the sphinx asRead MoreTintern Abbey and the Place of Nature Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesTintern Abbey and the Place of Nature Throughout Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth constructs nature as both a healing entity and a teacher or moral guardian. This paper considers Wordsworths treatment of nature in relation to both Ralph Pites discussion of the relationship between the ecology movement and Romantic poetry and Richard Gravils explication of the historical context of the Romantic eras system of nature in relation to Tintern Abbey. Nature as Healer? Wordsworth ascribesRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Relationship between Man and Nature in Emerson and Thoreau811 Words   |  3 Pagesfriendship between the two would eventually prove the most important of Thoreau’s life. Thought both the writers were from different places but they became friend and helped each other in their work. Emerson and Thoreau were considering as the most inspiring transcendentalist writer of their time. Though they were different writer but they both share the ideas of nature and man and how nature and man are related to each other. As per Emerson explanation, he will use the word nature in both itsRead MoreWordsworths Treatment of Nature in Relation to Man in Tintern Abbey1202 Words   |  5 PagesWORDSWORTH’S TREATMENT OF NATURE IN RELATION TO MAN IN TINTERN ABBEY In his Preface to The Excursion, Wordsworth asserts that it is the ‘Mind of Man’ which is ‘My haunt, and the main region of my song’. Wordsworth is interested not in the natural world for its own sake but in the relationship between the natural world and the human consciousness. His poetry, therefore, offers us a detailed account of the complex interaction between man and nature—of the influences, insights, emotions and sensationsRead MoreThe Environment Should Be Protected Because and Only Because Human Livelihoods Depend Upon It1665 Words   |  7 Pagesexist, nowadays, between environment and human beings, their difficulty to coexist, and mostly the ethical issues that result from it. Introduction â€Å"There is a sufficiency in the world for man’s need but nor for man’s greed†- Mohandas K. Gandhi. This sentence is getting all its meaning since the previous decades. Nowadays, the question of environment, and its relation with human beings is one of the most central issues. Many things impact people’s lifeRead MoreSociological Theories Of Global Climate Change1611 Words   |  7 Pagesawareness of environmental problems in the 1970s. Environmental sociologists examine and theorize the complex and multifaceted relationship between human beings and their natural environments, including the question: why do social systems tend to exceed their ecological carrying capacities (Nagel et. al., 2010)? Despite its foundational focus on the human-nature nexus, environmental sociologists have only recently turned their research attention to global climate change. There is, however, a greatRead More Locke Vs. Locke Essay examples1174 Words   |  5 Pagesconn ections to the aspects of the human condition, as well as determine who holds the most feasible or fair account of property. To begin, Locke believes that property is not a quot;thingquot;, rather, it is a relationship between an individual and an item. Property is a natural condition in John Lockeamp;#8217;s state of nature, meaning it was present since the beginning. quot;Thus labor, in the beginning, gave a right of property, wherever anyone was pleased to employ it upon what was common, whichRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human And Nature1410 Words   |  6 Pagesentire environment that surrounds us. First of all the study will begin by what the environment is through time, then it will show the obvious relationship between environment and human beings and its issues, and it will finish by the question of ethics about human and nature. In recent years, the term environment has replaced the term nature, environment may be understood by what is surrounding us, it can be separated into living components: fauna and flora, and non-living components. Environment

Article Whats Ethical Heres A Simple Test Essay Example For Students

Article: Whats Ethical? Heres A Simple Test Essay Whats ethical? Heres a simple test. Strategic Finance Magazine 81.9 (2000): 24. Online. WilsomSelectPlus. 23 March 2001. The article Whats ethical? Heres a simple test, which is based on the work of Dr. Michael Rion, includes three situations, which are directed to its readers. First situation is about choosing between stopping or not stopping at a stop sign. In the second situation, the author asks its readers to choose between express and regular line in the store. The person in that particular case has just two more items than is allowed to have in order to be in the express line. In the third situation, authors purpose is to check its readers honesty. The article asks us what we would do in these three situations, and then it asks us questions that help us analyze and think through each situation. Next, the article shows us how these simple situations, and the way we solved them help us in making wiser decisions concerning more difficult situations. At the end of this article, the IMA Ethics Committee is interested in how people face and solve their problems. Therefore, the Committee asks for e-mai ls with comments. Also, the Committee invites people for the Conference on ethical issues. First of all, the topic of the article seems to have a main purpose to check our ability to behave ethically in certain situations, and what thinking process we would use. At the beginning, it might not seem difficult because, for example, as situation number one tells us when we come to a stop sign, we know that it is ethical to come to a complete stop even though there is no one around. On the other hand, would we do it? This action would probably be different for people, depending on many situations, and of course depending on people. For example, how they usually act, how they feel at that moment, etc. As a result of this, most of the people do not usually do what they feel is ethical to do; they usually choose easier and faster way in order to get what they want. I think that the article shows us how to go about solving little problems like the one in the first situation. This helps us to find an ethical solution to more complicated circumstances. One can wonder how these situations can possibly reflect how we think about other issues more related to our lives. As the article explains, if we use the decision criteria(1) like how do I feel about what I just did(1), we make practical and reasonable decisions, which in the same time are also ethical. Second of all, there is not enough information to support the articles generalization and conclusion. It is more generalized than specific, and it challenges the readers to arrive with their own answers to their own terms and decision criteria. The article is very short, and it has a big effect on what is included in it. The conclusion of this article is more the invitation to IMA conference about ethics than giving specific answers to the questions asked in each of the three situations. In addition, I think that the article is very persuasive because although not in the direct but in the indirect way it makes the readers to believe that the ethical solution is the best solution. It stretches the fact that the decision that one makes and proudly shares with others is usually an ethical decision. On the other hand, we can conclude that the decision that one makes in the hopes that no one will find out is usually an unethical decision. As I have said, although the article is persuasive, it is also very general. .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .postImageUrl , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:hover , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:visited , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:active { border:0!important; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:active , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Donne (1236 words) Essay Third of all, in the article the language was clearly presented; however, the organization was a little bit tricky. The language presented certainly was clear for the general reader. Indeed, anyone easily could read this article without any problems. I do not think that it could be too simple for an expert because an expert could ask himself more questions or analyze the article more deeply than the ordinary reader. Despite this, the organization plan was not clear and easy to follow at the beginning of the article, though the ideas came through clearly. The beginning of the article there are questions, which ask us what the reader would do about certain situations. Although these questions are not hard, I found it difficult to start answering them, because I was unsure of what exactly I was expected to do. Later on when I read it, it was clear that I was expected to ask myself questions and then answer them in order to find the best way to come up with the right solution for myself. Following the questions made it easier to supply ethical solutions to the problems described. Finally, the material in the article is an interesting way of looking at information that should be commonsense. For example, let us consider situation number three. As youre making a withdrawal from an ATM, a mechanical error gives you an extra $100 but doesnt charge your account. Would you keep the money or return it? Why ? The ethical solution is to give the money back to the bank at the next business day. Otherwise, if the person would keep the money the disadvantages most likely will outweigh the advantages. Later, the article has questions to help its readers to analyze the problem. Also, the article encourages investigating this situation. Then it sets a good example, if we choose the ethical solution to our approach. Indeed, after we would choose this ethical answer to our dilemma, we could proudly talk about that. On the other hand, if we would choose the unethical solution then we wouldnt be comfortable talking about that. I read that because todays economy is driven by knowledge, not physical assets, information helps improve products and services. It brings us to the point that if we have knowledge about certain things like ATM machines, we are able to make more thoughtful and therefore ethical decisions, which we are proud of. The article suggests that common persons need to make choices e very day. For instance, when they are in stores there are all different kinds of brands for almost everything. As I was told in class, an ethical solution now helps to escape from a worse situation later. It means that although an ethical decision might be not as desirable as the unethical decision would be in that particular time, for the long run the ethical situation will save us worry. This relates to the third situation about the ATM from the article. Let us say that a person would decide to take the $100 and never return it. Would it change the situation if the ATM machines have video cameras? In that case, probably yes, because then the bankers would know who took more money that the person was supposed to take. This person would be in an uncomfortable situation now if he did not give back the money. This shows, knowledge about a particular thing is very helpful in order to make ethical decisions. To conclude, if we use our knowledge and critical thinking, we would make wise and at the same time ethical decisions. In the three situations explained in the article, we learn how to start including all the factors and going step by step in order to get the most desirable solution, which can be proudly shared with family members and friends. Business Essays

Iraq War in 2003

Introduction Iraq war 2003 is considered as the 2nd Gulf war. In 2001, when George Bush became the president, chances of war in Iraq grew rapidly as Bush administration accused Iraq of producing weapons of mass destruction. Iraq countered this allegation, but could not stop the US from pushing the issue further. Afterwards, the war started on March 20, 2003 in which US was supported by around 40 countries. The power was taken from Saddam in just few days but the effects of the war can still be seen after 9 years (Fitzgerald, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Iraq War in 2003 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coverage by Gulf News Most of the articles in Gulf News cover the destruction that the world has seen as a result of this war that was never desired by people of Iraq. The poverty level has gone up sharply as benefits provided by Saddam’s government certainly stopped after his demise. Acco rding to an article published in Gulf news on February 4, 2012, there were around 100,000 Iraqis killed as a result of bombing and numerous others have died in other violence and sectarian attacks (Gulf News, 2012). The Humanitarian Group Relief International estimates that 10% of the women are widower and are leading households in Iraq. Another article in the Gulf News also covers the stories regarding the torture faced by the prisoners in the occupied country from the attacking alliance, which is a clear violation of human rights and the UN constitution (Gulf News, 2010). Coverage by Washington Post Washington Post started to give coverage to the Iraq war since the inception of the debate on Iraq in the US Congress. Later the resolution was passed to attack Iraq by the US government. The article titled ‘Hussain’s Baghdad Falls’, designates Saddam a ruthless leader. It holds Saddam responsible for spreading poverty and fear in the country for decades. The articl e clearly justifies actions of the US government. Another articles placed in the Washington Post on December 10, 2011 states consequences of US war against Iraq. It mentions that the people perceive the US army as the killer, not the defender, and they are certainly against the long term presence of the US army in their Iraq. The article further mentions that around 92,614 people were killed by the US army from March 2003 to March 2008, but exactly how many Iraqis were killed may never be known (Sly, 2005). Coverage by Azzaman Newspaper The views covered by the Iraqi newspapers is quite different from that published in Washington Post however, there are similarities with those of Gulf News. The news paper covered the loss as a resultant of the war including the loss of killing the innocent citizen, destruction to infrastructure and the economy as whole. Moreover, it talked about the effects of war on the control of oil rich region where Kurds do not allow national army to make any i nterference. This region which borders with Turkey has been the root of conflict between Iraq and Turkey which is leading to imbalance in the region and could lead to civil war within Iraq (Abdulsalam, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The Gulf News and Azzaman have presented the actual picture of the condition of Iraq since the inception of the war. They have covered the loss sustained by the people as well as their perception regarding this war. The Washington Times, on the other hand, has tried to defend the vicious acts of the US government. It blames Saddam Hussain for all that is happening in Iraq and further, an impression has been created that the US government is being helpful to the people by financially supporting them. Reference List Abdulsalam, F. (2012). War over oil and wealth in Iraq. Azzaman. Web. Fitzgerald, P. (2011). Iraq War Summary. The fin er times. Web. Gulf News. (2010). Prosecute those Involved in Iraq War. Gulf news. Web. Gulf News. (2012). Iraq war widows face government apathy. Gulf news. Web. Sly, L. (2005). Civilian killings created insurmountable hurdle to extended U.S. troop presence in Iraq.  Washington Post. Web.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Iraq War in 2003 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Iraq War in 2003 was written and submitted by user Scream to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on D -12s Bio

In the post-Motown landscape of Detroit, brothers rocking the mic are still being considered the voice of young America. Yet, instead of dreaming of blue skies and white picket fences, the unruly boys known as D12 create surreal universes of wild times and unruly rhymes. On their bombastic sophomore effort, D-12 World, this motley crew of versatile style slayers mixes the rowdiness and absurdities of their lives into one potent cocktail. Two years after selling four million copies worldwide of their debut Devil’s Night, these motor city wild boys are on a mission to define themselves in the hectic canon of now-school hip-hop. â€Å"In D-12 World, anything can happen at any time,† Kuniva laughs. â€Å"Devil’s Night was just an introduction, now it’s time for us to really go crazy.† With a lineup that includes sharp tongued Eminem, crazy cat Bizarre, beatmaster Kon Artis, laid-back Swift, chilled-out Kuniva and freestyle king Proof, the D12 posse is already popular. The group’s debut disc received rave reviews in the press. USA Today wrote, â€Å"The garishly funky beats that underpin the diabolically clever wordplay make the album hard to dismiss†¦their diatribes seem born less of anger and more of disdain for all that’s politically correct.† Indeed, Devil’s Night established D12 as one of the super groups of the new millennium with its chart-topping single’s â€Å"Purple Pills† and â€Å"Fight Music† and with their outlandish antics on record and in performance. So what if Eminem has nine Grammys and one Oscar (â€Å"Lose Yourself† from the 8 Mile soundtrack); so what if Mr. Shady has proven himself as a film star (8 Mile) and America’s most popular rapper, when D12 is in the house, he’s just another group member. â€Å"We all knew each other growing up in Detroit,† Proof remembers. â€Å"I used to sneak Em into my school lunchroom just so he could battle. Later, when we started battling once a month at Maurice Malone’... Free Essays on D -12's Bio Free Essays on D -12's Bio In the post-Motown landscape of Detroit, brothers rocking the mic are still being considered the voice of young America. Yet, instead of dreaming of blue skies and white picket fences, the unruly boys known as D12 create surreal universes of wild times and unruly rhymes. On their bombastic sophomore effort, D-12 World, this motley crew of versatile style slayers mixes the rowdiness and absurdities of their lives into one potent cocktail. Two years after selling four million copies worldwide of their debut Devil’s Night, these motor city wild boys are on a mission to define themselves in the hectic canon of now-school hip-hop. â€Å"In D-12 World, anything can happen at any time,† Kuniva laughs. â€Å"Devil’s Night was just an introduction, now it’s time for us to really go crazy.† With a lineup that includes sharp tongued Eminem, crazy cat Bizarre, beatmaster Kon Artis, laid-back Swift, chilled-out Kuniva and freestyle king Proof, the D12 posse is already popular. The group’s debut disc received rave reviews in the press. USA Today wrote, â€Å"The garishly funky beats that underpin the diabolically clever wordplay make the album hard to dismiss†¦their diatribes seem born less of anger and more of disdain for all that’s politically correct.† Indeed, Devil’s Night established D12 as one of the super groups of the new millennium with its chart-topping single’s â€Å"Purple Pills† and â€Å"Fight Music† and with their outlandish antics on record and in performance. So what if Eminem has nine Grammys and one Oscar (â€Å"Lose Yourself† from the 8 Mile soundtrack); so what if Mr. Shady has proven himself as a film star (8 Mile) and America’s most popular rapper, when D12 is in the house, he’s just another group member. â€Å"We all knew each other growing up in Detroit,† Proof remembers. â€Å"I used to sneak Em into my school lunchroom just so he could battle. Later, when we started battling once a month at Maurice Malone’...

Managing of Energy Assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing of Energy Assets - Essay Example Proposed technique and Justification for the Technique 12 6. Conclusion 13 7. References 14 Monitoring Transformer Performance 1. Introduction Before going to present the proposal for instruments and techniques that can be used to monitor the condition of a transformer, let us get a better understanding of what transformer actually is and why is it important to supply electricity through the network. A transformer is an electric device, which is designed to convert alternating voltage from one level to another usually from high voltage to low voltage. Transformers work on the principle of magnetic induction. Dickinson (2009) states, â€Å"Transformers under load generate heat due to winding (copper) and core losses occurring during operation†. Transformers are solid-state devices, as they have no moving parts in them. The step up or step down in the voltages is the main use of every transformer. 2. Oil Filled Transformers There are two main categories of transformers, which in clude dry type and liquid filled transformers. In this paper, we will prepare a proposal for oil-filled transformers at substations, which are one of the main types of liquid filled transformers. Oil filled transformers make use of cellulose paper and mineral based oil in their insulation systems. This combination of cellulose paper and oil is very good for the working of transformers because they provide remarkable dielectric and thermal properties at a low cost. About this combination, Dickinson (2009) states, â€Å"So popular and effective are these units, that all other transformer designs are judged in relation to them†. For outdoor usage, oil filled transformers are the best ones among all types of transformers because of their low purchase costs and thermal and dielectric properties. The inclusion of mineral oil in the oil-filled transformers although makes them flammable but the low cost associated with these transformers makes them a good choice for power distributio n companies. The low purchase cost of oil-filled transformers makes them an attractive choice for all types of power distribution companies. Dickinson (2009) asserts, â€Å"Oil-filled transformers, thanks to their lower purchase costs, find applications in literally every sort of power distribution†. The only weakness of mineral oil filled transformers is flammability, which is the reason why these transformers are allowed only in outdoor locations because outdoor locations are considered safe for the installation of oil-filled transformers because of availability of proper fire protection mechanisms. Experts suggest that the consumers should always buy oil-filled transformers from trusted manufacturers because they ensure lowest level of flammability in the oil-filled transformers. Flammability is such a weakness of oil-filled transformers that most of the power distribution companies seek good replacements of oil-filled dtransformers, which should be non-flammable. This is the reason why dry type transformers have been popular for decades because they are completely free from this weakness. Dry type transformers make use of high temperature insulation instead of mineral oil which them a risk free option for power distribution companies. â€Å"Dry type transformer construction uses high-temperature insulation that exceeds the ratings of cellulose or 'O' and 'K' class fluids† (Dickinson 2009). There is no risk of flammability in

The reinterpretation of dreams; The role of cognition in classical and Essay

The reinterpretation of dreams; The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning - Essay Example 882). As Revonsuo argues that nightmares do not support psychological theories according to which dreams serve emotional healing and adjustment problems. Revonsuo argues, however, that dream content is not as random as theorists claim. In fact, dream content is not only highly organized, but also highly selective. While dreaming occurs, the brain recreates a complicated representation of the world and these representations can either exaggerate waking world experiences of downplay them (Revonsuo 783). Revonsuo also argues that the content of dreams illustrates that dreams are mediated by specific experiences in the waking world. As a result, Revonsuo hypothesizes that dreams are therefore biological functions that serve to â€Å"simulate threatening events, and to rehearse threat perception and threat avoidance† (p. 783). Revonsuo supports his hypothesis by arguing that empirical studies consistently demonstrate that dream content is usually associated with â€Å"threatening elements† (p. 883). In other words, dreams usually involve negative experiences and rarely involve positive experiences. For example, a study conducted by Hall and Van de Castle in 1966) involved dream recollections from 500 females and 500 males between the ages of 18 and 25. The contents of the dream recollections revealed that 80% of the dream contents were negative experiences and only 20% contained positive experiences. Relying on the study conducted by Hall and Van de Castle, Revonsuo observes that a majority of the negative dreams were comprised of attacks or apprehensions of attacks from strange men or animals and in each case the dreamer either took flight or attempted to take flight or hid, or immediate arose from sleep (p. 884). Revonsuo evaluates why strange men and/or animals are the predominant threats in dream contents. Revonsuo goes back to the experiences of primitive man and notes that our ancestors existed in an environment in which animals were persistent t hreats. Our ancestors developed a survival instinct in which running, hiding or otherwise escaping became a staple coping mechanism. These human fears and instincts continue to haunt modern man. Dreaming simulates and perpetuates our instinctive and ancestral â€Å"threat-avoidance programs† (Revonsuo 884). Moreover, human relations were such that men often fought with one another for access to resources necessary for basic living. Although today, interactions with strange men are rarely threatening, it remains true that violence and wars are more frequently committed by males than by females. Therefore unpleasant dream contents in which strange men are the aggressor are also rooted in our ancestors’ survival instincts (Revonsuo 884). Essentially, Revonsuo concludes that dreams represent simulations of threats and that actions played out in dreams are actually representations of waking world experiences of possibilities. Dreaming about perceptions of threats and mechan isms for avoiding threats is no more than a rehearsal or simulation technique conducted in a relatively safe location: the dream world (Revonsuo). Essay 2: Kirsch, I.; Lynn, S. J.; Vigorito, M. and Miller, R. R. â€Å"The Role of Cognition in Classical and Operant Conditioning.† Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 4(2004): 369-392. Previously classical condition was perceived as a reflexive response to external stimuli. For example,

Challenging environment Essay Example for Free

Challenging environment Essay Mrs. Dae is a 28 year old Caucasian female. She presents clean and well dressed. She is approximately 5’ 6†, 145 lbs. She appears healthy and in shape. No visible physical deformities. She has normal gate. She is open and cooperative. She has a normal rate of speech and makes appropriate eye contact. Mrs. Dae expresses herself appropriately. In discussing family history, Mrs. Dae has little trouble recalling events. She is unaware of some family history on her father’s side. Mrs. Dae is orientated x 4. She has logical thought process. Mrs. Dae is alert, however, states she has been busy lately and is tired today. She reports getting approximately 6-8 hours of sleep nightly. Mrs. Dae is able to count backward from 100 by 7’s. She displays logical thought processes. No report of hallucinations or delusions. Mrs. Dae appears to have good judgment and insight. She is of high intelligence and is able to appropriately explain the meaning of a common proverb. (â€Å"A rolling stone gathers no moss†) (â€Å"How to†). Mrs. Dae appears happy and confident, with appropriate affect. During the interview Mrs. Dae was relaxed and participated in spontaneous conversation. She denies any suicidal or homicidal ideation. Strengths/ Weaknesses: Mrs. Dae is highly educated. She appears confidant with high self esteem. She reports she enjoys caring for others. She has good insight and appears to have good coping skills. Mrs. Dae has a supportive family. In terms of weaknesses, Mrs. Dae admits to taking on too many activities at once and at times she feels â€Å"burned out†. Family History: Mrs. Dae is the second of three children and grew up in a typical middle class American home. She has an older brother and a younger sister. Mrs. Dae’s parents were divorced when she was 7 years old. Ms. Dae and her siblings lived with their mother. Mrs. Dae reports her father was verbally and physically abusive toward her mother. This was the reason for the divorce. She does not recall being the victim of such abuse herself. However, she reports that her mother tells her that her father was â€Å"mean to all of us† (referring to Ms. Dae, her siblings and mother). Mrs. Dae denies any sexual abuse. Shortly after the divorce, Mrs. Dae reports all three children stopped seeing their father. She currently has no relationship with her father, however she reports speaking to him on the phone occasionally. Aside from these events, Mrs. Dae reports a normal childhood. She reports discipline as a child in the form of â€Å"grounding, which rarely occurred†. Mrs. Dae is currently married. She has been married for the past 8 years. She denies any previous marriages. Ms. Dae describes her marriage as â€Å"good†. She states she and her husband attended marriage counseling for approximately 3 months earlier in their marriage. Mrs. Dae reports that her husband has a well paying job. She denies any current financial hardship. The couple recently bought their first home. She reported some stress during the process. However, she did not think it was â€Å"more then would be expected when buying a home†. Mrs. Dae and her husband have one child, a 5 year old girl. Education and Work: Mrs. Dae graduated high school in the top 10% of her class and went on to college. She majored in psychology and graduated Cum Laude. She continued to earn her Master of Science degree. Mrs. Dae currently works with at risk youth in the prevention and advocacy department of a non-profit company. She has been with her current employer for one year. She reports being satisfied with her job. She states she makes â€Å"good† money and the work she does is rewarding. Mrs. Dae stated she plans on returning to school in the near future for her PhD in Psychology. Her long term goal is to go into private practice serving youth. Mental/ Physical Health: There is no known history of mental illness on her mother’s side of the family. Mrs. Dae reported there may be depression on her father’s side. Mrs. Dae denies any form of depression aside from â€Å"the blues† every now and then. Mrs. Dae reports history of cancer on both sides of her family. Mrs. Dae participates in annual physical examinations. According to her last physical she is in good health. Mrs. Dae denies substance use. She stated she will drink a glass of wine â€Å"once in a while†. Mrs. Dae denies tobacco use. Legal History: Mrs. Dae denies any significant legal history, aside from a few traffic tickets. Social: Mrs. Dae reports she has a group of friends, other married couples, that she and her husband spend time with. She is also a member of her church and participates in social events at the church. As her child recently started attending elementary school, Mrs. Dae stated she has joined the school’s Parent-Teacher Association. Spiritual: Mrs. Dae reports growing up Catholic but she did not go to church often as a child. She states that she no longer practices Catholicism, however, she does go to a non denominational Christian church. She goes to church on a regular basis. She feels strongly about her beliefs. Mrs. Dae reports that she prays on a daily basis and stated â€Å"this keeps me grounded†. Hobbies/Activities: Mrs. Day states she enjoys reading, yoga, and going to the spa with friends. She admits she has little time to spend on these activities. However, she reports that she and her husband give each other time with their friends, time together, and family time on a regular basis. References How to do a Mental Status Exam. Retrieved on November 9, 2007 from http://www.psychpage.com/learning/library/assess/mse.htm

What is the Future of Social Security? Essay -- essays research papers

What is the future of Social Security?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is much-heated debate on the issues of Social Security today. The Social Security system is the largest government program of income distribution in the United States. People are concerned that they won't see a dime of what they worked so hard to contribute into the Social Security system for so many years. Social Security provides benefits to about forty-three million Americans. Not only to retired workers, but also to their spouses and dependents of the workers who die prematurely. It also provides benefits to disabled workers and their dependents. Social Security appears to most people like a simple retirement saving’s account. After all, you generally contribute through payroll deductions, then get money back after you retire. Nonetheless, Social Security is a complex and intricate communal program. By design, Social Security involves massive subsidies from the next generation of retirees to the present, from single workers to married couples. Now that the gigantic post World War II baby boomers generation approaches retirement age, there is concern about the consequences it will have on Social Security. There are basically three options, we can do nothing and allow Social Security to run it’s course, revise Social Security, or consider privatization of the system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Historically, the Democratic and Republican parties have clear and opposing viewpoints. Quite simply, the Democrats whole-heartedly oppose change to a program initiated under Roosevelt's New Deal. The Republicans consider this social program contrary to capitalism. However, over time the Republicans learned that it's popularity with the voters has made this issue untouchable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Congressman Richard Gephardt, the social security was not meant to be the sole source of retirement income but rather as a foundation for retirement to give all working Americans a safety cushion. There will be money in the fund until 2029, so distressing baby boomers don’t have to worry. After that money is depleted the revenue from the payroll tax will be sufficient enough to pay 75% of every social security benefit for the subsequent 75 years. But how many burdens should be put on the young and middle age individuals, whose taxes basically pay for government retirement ... ...s for generations to come, which in essence, needs to start now. Using a conservative economic projection should be one of the steps taken for the growth of future social security. We all know there are no free rides in life; someone is always taking the bill, much less in social security. Any of the changes discussed in this report would impose a real alteration in the level of benefits, taxation and risks. Ultimately, we need to look forward with complete understanding and full acceptance of changes, while keeping faith in a system, which has served us so well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Richard A. Gephardt, Being Careful with Social Security [article online], Newsweek Inc. Accessed 15 January 1997; Page A19. Social Security Administration. Available from http://www.ssa.gov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert J. Samuelson, Justice Among Social Security [article online], Newsweek Inc. Accessed 1 July 1998; Page A23. Social Security Administration. Available from http://www.ssa.gov   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

High-Risk Family Assessment and Health Promotion Essay

High-Risk Families A high-risk family is a family unit that is at an increased risk for emotional, intellectual, or developmental problem because of the type of environment or circumstances that is occurring within the family unit. Adults and children that are involved in these high-risk family units are at a higher risk to develop problems, both physically and emotionally. There are many indicators for early detection of risk factors: neighborhood environment, poverty, poor kept homes, characteristics of adults present in the home, marital problems, and child neglect. There are many programs and interventions that can be implemented to try to change the negative effects and ensure a positive outcome within the family unit. History of Teen Pregnancy According to Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale (1989), in an article titled Teenaged Pregnancy and Childbearing, teen pregnancy did not become prevalent until the 1960s. Two changes occurred contributing to the increase in teenage pregnancies: 1.) an increase in sexual activity of young girls and 2.) a decrease in the number of teenage marriages. By the 1980s over half of white females and three-fourths of black females were sexually active by the age of 18 (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). Contraception was not regularly used when having sexual relations, and many of these females became pregnant during their teen years. Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale (1989), also continue to say that compared to the number of unmarried teenage females in 1950 the females of 1980s were two-thirds white and almost 97% black single females. Also, 40% of these teenage pregnancies would end with abortion, and that the younger teenagers would have more abortions. A pre gnant teenager has many decisions to make regarding her future: 1.) future schooling 2.) relationship with the  baby’s father 3.) family’s support 4.) peer’s support. Summary of the Health Profile of a Pregnant Teen The risk of some teenagers getting pregnant is high in some circumstances. There are many life situations that place teenage girls at a risk of becoming pregnant. These may include poor school performance, sexual abuse, poverty, being raised by a single parent household, having a mother who was an teenager mother, or having a sister who has become pregnant at a young age. According to Saewyc, Magee & Pettingell, (2004) the risk of a teenager getting pregnant is increased if that teenager has been sexually abused. The pregnancy is because they have been sexually abused they have a feeling of powerlessness which can lead to impairment when it comes to using a contraceptive (Saewyc, Magee & Pettingell, 2004). Also, if the teenager has been sexually abused then they may have a higher chance of substance abuse and running away from home (Saewyc, Magee & Pettingell, 2004). Substance abuse can lead the risk for multiple partners, unprotected sex, and turning to sex work in order to support their habit. Many teenagers feel that they are under pressure to have sexual relations. Peer pressure, bullying, and teasing by friends can lead to sexual intercourse at a much earlier age. Also, being allowed to date at an early age can lead to pregnancy, especially if the individual they are sleeping with refuses to use contraception. There are many social and cultural changes that have occurred regarding dating. Getting to know a person over a long period, or courting, is no longer part of dating. Couples now move onto physical relationships much quicker, and sex is part of the relationship. Poor education and low achievement levels in school can lead to unwanted pregnancies. Teenagers who drop out of school are more likely to become pregnant and not complete their education. Teens that get pregnant tend to come from more disadvantaged families than those who do not become pregnant. Being of lower income contributes to a low hope of possible financial success which usually leads to choices of short-term contentment, having a  baby while they are young and unmarried. Orem’s Self-Care Model Dorothea Orem published the Concepts of Nursing in 1971 and the sixth publication in 2001. According to Sitzman & Eichelberger, (2011), â€Å"Orem’s Self-Care Model describes a structure where the nurse assists the client, as needed, to maintain an adequate level of self-care. The degree of nursing care and interventions depend on the degree to which the client is able (or unable) to meet self-care needs† (p. 96). Orem’s general theory is in three parts: 1.) theory of self-care 2.) theory of self-care deficit 3.) theory of nursing system (Chitty, 2005, p. 283). The theory of self-care focuses on patient’s self-care capacities. The theory of self-care deficits specifies when nursing care is needed. Orem identifies five methods of helping: 1.) acting for and doing for others 2.) guiding others 3.) supporting others 4.) providing an environment promoting personal development in relations to meeting future demands 5.) teaching another (Orem, 2001 as cited in M asters, 2011, p. 183). The theory of nursing system describes the responsibilities and roles of the nurse and patient, the reason for the nurse-patient relationship, and the types of interventions needed to be provided to meet the patient’s needs. The theoretical framework of Orem’s theory as it relates to the metaparadigm for nursing is based on the person, a nurse, environment, and health. Nursing is the ability to assist patients to provide and manage self-care to improve and maintain human function at some level. Health is not only taking care of the body but is also how a person performs with daily activities of living and progressing toward higher levels of functioning. Environment includes four features: 1.) physical 2.) chemical 3.) biological 4.) social (Orem, 2001 as cited in Masters, 2011, p. 183). The environment has an impact on the individual’s health and well-being. Finally, persons are human beings who are different from other living beings. Human beings can reflect, symbolize, and use symbols. The person is a patient whom the nurse cares for. Orem’s theory can be applied to all three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Every person needing nursing care has requirements at the primary level of prevention. Secondary prevention is required after the onset of illness and is directed toward reducing complications and disability. Tertiary care is appropriate when functioning is limited. Dorothea Orem’s  theory provides a widespread foundation to the nursing practice and is specific to when nursing care is needed. Orem’s theory can be applied can be applied to various age groups including teenage mothers of newborns. The self-care deficit theory of nursing is useful with teenage mothers of newborns. The theory will focus on the strengths and/or weaknesses of the individual. Methods of help and interventions include teaching, guiding, and providing for and/or maintaining direction in an environment that supports personal development. Healthy People 2020 Objectives According to Healthy People 2020 goals are to improve pregnancy planning and spacing, and prevent unintended pregnancy. Reducing pregnancies among adolescent females aged 15 to 17 years, reducing the number of pregnancies conceived within 18 months of a previous birth, increasing the number of both males and females who have never had sexual intercourse, increasing the number of sexually active persons who use condoms to both effectively prevent pregnancy and provide barrier protection against disease, and increase the number of adolescents who received formal instruction on reproductive health topics before they are 18 years old are all applicable objectives related to teenage pregnancy (â€Å"Family planning,†). There are many nursing interventions that are applicable for prevention of teen pregnancies. Nursing education that includes teaching about contraception, abstinence, and having schools administer condoms through the health office. Interventions can also include designing and presenting programs that includes parent-teen communication with their parent(s), while promoting abstinence and the proper use of contraception. According to Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale (1989) there have been efforts made to prevent teen pregnancies. According to the Panel on Adolescent Pregnancy and Childbearing primary prevention, delaying sexual activity, and using contraception is where all efforts should be focused on for prevention (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). Primary prevention programs include: 1.) educating teens about sexuality and contraception 2.) changing attitudes about early sexual involvement and 3) providing contraceptives and family planning (Furstenberg, Brooks-Gunn & Chase-Lansdale, 1989). Role of the Advanced Practice Nurse as a Case Manager Advanced Practice Nurses have the education, training, and skills to perform many of the primary-care duties performed by physicians. Advanced Practice Nurse Case Manager carries out advanced practice functions and develops functions that help to achieve the best results for the client through valuable interactions with clients. The Advanced Practice Nurse will manage and coordinate care for the pregnant teenagers and their families, provide health education, teach self-care behaviors, and offer psychosocial counseling and support, assess the efficacy of the health care system, and assist and monitor improvement ideas of the health care system. Conclusion Teenage pregnancy has been a major problem facing our children since the 1950s. Teen parents are less likely to finish school, more likely to live in poverty, more likely to have babies with low-birth weights and more likely to have children who become teenage mothers themselves. The goals of the health educator should include changing the behavior, providing counseling services, primary and preventative health care, and family educations. For the future, all teens should be aware of the risks involved of sexual intercourse and be educated on the ways to prevent pregnancies. Reference Chitty, K. K. (2005). Professional nursing, concepts & challenges. W B Saunders Co. Family planning. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicId=13 Furstenberg, F. F., Jr., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Chase-Lansdale, L. (1989). Teenaged pregnancy and childbearing. American Psychologist, 44(2), 313-320. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.313 Masters, K. (2011). Nursing theories, a framework for professional practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Saewyc, E. M., Magee, L. L., & Pettingell, S. E. (2004). Teenage pregnancy and associated risk behaviors among sexually abused adolescents. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(3), Retrieved from https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3609804.html Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. W. (2011). Understanding the work of nurse theorists, a creative beginning (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Italianate Homes, Romantic and Picturesque

Of all the homes built in the United States during the Victorian era, the romantic Italianate style became the most popular for a short period of time. With their nearly-flat roofs, wide eaves, and massive brackets, these homes suggested the romantic villas of Renaissance Italy. The Italianate style is also known as Tuscan, Lombard, or bracketed. Italianate and the Picturesque Movement The historical roots of Italianate styles are in Italian Renaissance architecture. Some of the first Italian villas were designed by Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio in the 16th century. Palladio reinvented Classical architecture, melding the designs of a Roman temple into residential architecture. By the 19th century, English-speaking architects were reinventing Roman designs yet again, capturing the flavor of what they imagined to be the Italian villa look. The Italianate style began in England with the picturesque movement. For centuries English homes tended to be formal and classical in style. Neoclassical architecture was orderly and proportioned.  With the picturesque movement, however, the landscape gained importance. Architecture not only became integral to its surroundings, but also became a vehicle for experiencing the natural world and surrounding gardens. The pattern books of British-born landscape architect Calvert Vaux (1824-1895) and the American Andrew Jackson Downing (1815-1852) brought this concept to an American audience. Especially popular was A. J. Downings 1842 book Rural Cottages and Cottage-Villas and their Gardens and Grounds Adapted to North America. American architects and builders such as  Henry Austin (1804-1891) and Alexander Jackson Davis (1803-1892) began to design fanciful recreations of Italian Renaissance villas. Architects copied and reinterpreted the style for buildings in the United States, making Italianate architecture in the U.S. uniquely American in style. One of the finest examples of late Victorian Italianate architecture is owned by the National Park Service. The John Muir National Historic Site in Martinez, California lays claim to the 17-room John Muir Mansion, built in 1882, and inherited by the famous American naturalist. Queen Victoria ruled England for a long, long time — from 1837 until her death in 1901 — so Victorian architecture is more a time frame than a specific style. During the Victorian era, emerging styles captured a large audience by the widely-published house pattern books packed with building plans and home building advice. Prominent designers and illustrators published many plans for Italianate and Gothic Revival style homes. By the late 1860s, the fashion had swept through North America. Why Builders Loved the Italianate Style Italianate architecture knew no class boundaries. The high square towers made the style a natural choice for upscale homes of the newly rich. However the brackets and other architecture details, made affordable by new methods for machine production, were easily applied to simple cottages. Historians say that Italianate became the favored style for two reasons: (1) Italianate homes could be constructed with many different building materials, and the style could be adapted to modest budgets; and (2) new technologies of the Victorian era made it possible to quickly and affordably produce cast-iron and press-metal decorations. Many 19th century commercial buildings, including urban rooming houses, were constructed with this practical yet elegant design. Italianate remained the preferred house style in the U.S. until the 1870s, when the Civil War curbed the progress of construction. Italianate was also a common style for modest structures like barns and for larger public buildings such as town halls, libraries, and train stations. You will find Italianate buildings in nearly every part of the United States except for the deep South. There are fewer Italianate buildings in the southern states because the style reached its peak during the Civil War, a time when the south was economically devastated. Italianate was an early form of Victorian architecture. After the 1870s, architectural fashion turned toward late Victorian styles such as Queen Anne. Italianate Features Italianate homes can be wood-sided or brick, with commercial and public properties often being masonry. The most common Italianate styles will often have many of these characteristics: a low-pitched or flat roof; a balanced, symmetrical rectangular shape; a tall appearance, with two, three, or four stories; wide, overhanging eaves with large brackets and cornices; a square cupola; a porch topped with balustraded balconies; tall, narrow, paired windows, often arched with hood moldings projecting above the windows; a side bay window, often two stories tall; heavily molded double doors; Roman or segmented arches above windows and doors; and rusticated quoins on masonry buildings. Italianate house styles in America can seem like a mix of characteristics from different eras, and sometimes they are. The Italian-inspired Renaissance Revival homes are more palatial but still often confused with the Victorian Italianate style. The French-inspired Second Empire, like houses in the Italianate style, often feature a high, square tower. Beaux Arts buildings are grand and elaborate, often embracing Italianate ideas along with Classical. Even Neo-Mediterranean builders of the 20th century re-visited Italianate themes. Victorian architecture encompasses a variety of popular styles, but ask yourself how picturesque each is. Examples of Italianate Houses Italiante houses can be found across the United States. often tucked away in unexpected places. The Lewis House built in 1871, is on a side road outside Ballston Spa, New York. Not named for the original owner, the Lewis family converted historic home near Saratoga Springs into a Bed Breakfast business. Italianate Lewis House, 1871, Ballston Spa, New York. Jackie Craven In Bloomington, Illinois you can visit Clover Lawn, built in 1872. Also known as the David Davis Mansion, the architecture combines Italianate and Second Empire stylings. David Davis Mansion, 1872, Illinois. Teemu08 via Wikimedia Commons, own work, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-SA 3.0) cropped The Andrew Low House in Savannah, Georgia was built in 1849. This historic house by New York architect John Norris has been described as Italianate, most notably because of its urban garden landscaping. To get the full sense of Italiante details, especially the roof, the observer must step back both physically and in time. Andrew Low House, 1849, Savannah, Georgia. Carol M. Highsmith/Getty Images (cropped) Sources Italianate Architecture and History, Old-House Journal, August 10, 2011, https://www.oldhouseonline.com/articles/all-about-italianates [accessed August 28, 2017]Italianate Villa/Italianate Style 1840 - 1885, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/architecture/styles/italianate.html  [accessed August 28, 2017]A Field Guide to American Houses by Virginia and Lee McAlester, Knopf, 1984, 2013American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home by Lester Walker, Overlook, 1998American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, AIA, Norton, 2002Photo Credits: Clover Lawn, Teemu08 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) cropped; Andrew Low House, Carol M. Highsmith/Getty Images (cropped); Lewis House, Jackie CravenCOPYRIGHT: The articles you see on the pages of this website are copyrighted. You may link to them or print them for your own use, but do not copy them into a blog, web page, or print publication without permission.