Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace...

When placed in the right situations and circumstances, all human beings are capable of revealing a darker side of them-a side that almost everyone is afraid to show. No one will admit to having a dark side in them, until nature forces them to face it. Lord of the Flies by William Golding and A Separate Peace by John Knowles are two books that emphasize man’s savagery through their characters, themes, and plots. At first, all men have hidden savagery, then something triggers the savagery within them, and they complete the transformation. The human race holds a dark side lurking within them. In most cases, humans are unaware of its existence because of the high standard expected in civilization.â€Å"Where’s the man with the megaphone?† The fair†¦show more content†¦Jack’s obsession triggers something within him that strives for power and control. â€Å"He tried to convey the compulsion to track down and kill that was swallowing him up†(Golding, Page 51). Jacks transformation from civilized bully to savage killer has begun. Rounding up the other boys, Jack pulls them into the addictive chase of killing the pigs. Even Ralph and Piggy, the two that wanted to keep order alive the most, get caught up in the hunt, proving that everyone can be provoked and only a few can resist the urge to give in to wickedness. Hunting has possessed Jack, and he will stop at nothing to kill the pigs and the beast at the expense of all else, even rescue. In A Separate Peace, Gene is triggered by his jeal ousy towards Finny. His jealousy seems harmless at first but continues to grow. â€Å"He had never been jealous of me for a second. Now I knew that there never was and never could have been any rivalry between us. I was not of the same quality as he. I couldn’t stand this† (Knowles, Page 59). The novel’s plot is the problem of Genes increasing envy of Finny. Incapable of the spiritual purity of Phineas, Gene finds himself jealous of Finnys ability to ignore Devon rules in his attempt to enjoy an unregulated friendliness with the adult world. â€Å"Gene has come to see that this enemy never comes from without, but always from within† (Ellis, Para 4). After being pulled into their own desires, the characters in Lord of theShow MoreRelatedThe Comprehensive Effects of War Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of war and as only happening to soldiers, a simply counterfactual statement. The effects of war are seen throughout the novels A Separate Peace by Joh n Knowles and Lord of the Flies by William Golding, two books written about wars by men who were involved in war. Knowles went to school during World War II and then joined the Royal Air Force for eight months. Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940 and fought a variety of battles for seven years. War has an impact on civilians as much it has an impactRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies 1299 Words   |  6 PagesSavagery in Civilization: Symbolism in Lord of the Flies Symbolism as defined by the Merriam Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"the use of symbols to express or represent ideas or qualities in literature, art, etc.† (â€Å"Symbolism†). For this reason, symbolism is utilized in literature in order to make novels more interesting and convey notions that are usually either highly controversial or extremely philosophical. For example in the popular novel A Separate Peace, John Knowles uses Gene in order to depict the themeRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies and John Knowles A Separate Peace671 Words   |  3 Pagesevil. These types of counterpart characters are known as doppelgangers. A doppelganger is an alter ego of ones charisma. In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and John Knowles’ A Separate Peace, the characters Ralph/Jack and Gene/Finny represent doppelgangers, explaining how they complement each other and maintain supremacy. One significant pair of characters who separate is Ralph and Jack. Their dual natures cause differences among themselves due to various reasons. From a physical standpointRead MoreLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 PagesFor me, coming of age novels always grab my attention contrary to other genres. Novels such as Lord of the Flies by William Golding and The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky are among some of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality

Relation Between Man And The Nature Of Things - 2046 Words

Andrew Campbell Gorski/ Pols Theory 17 May 2016 Montesquieu Blog Project Of the relation of laws. According to Montesquieu, law signifies the relationship between man and the nature of things. In this respect, our author has divided laws into two classes; natural and positive laws. Natural laws are laws which are derived from God himself - â€Å"laws by which He created all things†(19). These such laws are consistencies observed through the physical world, in relation to mankind. In this premise, Montesquieu claims that all beings have similar inherent characteristics of sensation and emotion. Instead of knowledge uniting the natural man, a commen sense of emotion first united us; â€Å"United by sensation...by knowledge†(19). With this regard, our author theorizes that all of mankind, since the beginning, had laws derived from a sort of inherent sense of justice. Montesquieu then creates a short list of natural laws in relation to man. The first law being that man is inherently peaceful. In order to examine natural laws, one must observe man prior to the constraints of society. From the beginning, man must have needed a vessels to know, before having the ability to understand. Hence, man would have first been consumed with preservation of his or her own life. Only once the basic needs of human life are satisfied, then man can start to observe their inequalities; â€Å"he would think of the preservation of his being, before he would investigate its origin† (20). Fear ofShow MoreRelatedHow Does Private Property Begin1140 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Rousseau the state of nature which he mentioned was suppositious, primordial habitation where humans live uncontaminated by the society. He said men are born with the blank face which is neither good nor bad, but the society and social environment in which he is brought up plays an important role in shaping their nature. People have complete physical and emotional freedom for doing anything in society. But he also mentioned some of the drawbacks of humans are that they have not yetRead MoreEssay on Labor and Alienation1718 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Political economy conceals the estrangement inherent in the nature of labor by not considering the direct relationship between the worker (labor) and production† (Pg. 30). According to Marx, human nature is neither fixed nor transcendent; instead, it is alterable and embedded in the productivity of everyday life. The only fixed attribute that we have is our openness. We are different from other animal species in the sense that we are able to adapt to different natural environments by creating aRead MoreOedipus, Not A God But A Man1437 Words   |  6 Pages from the ashes of the old. But in Thebes, Oedipus, not a god but a man, sees through the riddle, and this action, whether it constitutes a restoration of the city’s life or its refounding, coronates the beneficent tyrant. Unfortunately, we cannot stop here but must continue, for this account of his blindness, in neglecting his dealing with the sphinx and the relation of that to his familial crimes, leaves undisclosed the nature of Oedipus himself. For if we understand the riddle of the sphinx asRead MoreTintern Abbey and the Place of Nature Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesTintern Abbey and the Place of Nature Throughout Tintern Abbey, Wordsworth constructs nature as both a healing entity and a teacher or moral guardian. This paper considers Wordsworths treatment of nature in relation to both Ralph Pites discussion of the relationship between the ecology movement and Romantic poetry and Richard Gravils explication of the historical context of the Romantic eras system of nature in relation to Tintern Abbey. Nature as Healer? Wordsworth ascribesRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Relationship between Man and Nature in Emerson and Thoreau811 Words   |  3 Pagesfriendship between the two would eventually prove the most important of Thoreau’s life. Thought both the writers were from different places but they became friend and helped each other in their work. Emerson and Thoreau were considering as the most inspiring transcendentalist writer of their time. Though they were different writer but they both share the ideas of nature and man and how nature and man are related to each other. As per Emerson explanation, he will use the word nature in both itsRead MoreWordsworths Treatment of Nature in Relation to Man in Tintern Abbey1202 Words   |  5 PagesWORDSWORTH’S TREATMENT OF NATURE IN RELATION TO MAN IN TINTERN ABBEY In his Preface to The Excursion, Wordsworth asserts that it is the ‘Mind of Man’ which is ‘My haunt, and the main region of my song’. Wordsworth is interested not in the natural world for its own sake but in the relationship between the natural world and the human consciousness. His poetry, therefore, offers us a detailed account of the complex interaction between man and nature—of the influences, insights, emotions and sensationsRead MoreThe Environment Should Be Protected Because and Only Because Human Livelihoods Depend Upon It1665 Words   |  7 Pagesexist, nowadays, between environment and human beings, their difficulty to coexist, and mostly the ethical issues that result from it. Introduction â€Å"There is a sufficiency in the world for man’s need but nor for man’s greed†- Mohandas K. Gandhi. This sentence is getting all its meaning since the previous decades. Nowadays, the question of environment, and its relation with human beings is one of the most central issues. Many things impact people’s lifeRead MoreSociological Theories Of Global Climate Change1611 Words   |  7 Pagesawareness of environmental problems in the 1970s. Environmental sociologists examine and theorize the complex and multifaceted relationship between human beings and their natural environments, including the question: why do social systems tend to exceed their ecological carrying capacities (Nagel et. al., 2010)? Despite its foundational focus on the human-nature nexus, environmental sociologists have only recently turned their research attention to global climate change. There is, however, a greatRead More Locke Vs. Locke Essay examples1174 Words   |  5 Pagesconn ections to the aspects of the human condition, as well as determine who holds the most feasible or fair account of property. To begin, Locke believes that property is not a quot;thingquot;, rather, it is a relationship between an individual and an item. Property is a natural condition in John Lockeamp;#8217;s state of nature, meaning it was present since the beginning. quot;Thus labor, in the beginning, gave a right of property, wherever anyone was pleased to employ it upon what was common, whichRead MoreThe Ethics Of Human And Nature1410 Words   |  6 Pagesentire environment that surrounds us. First of all the study will begin by what the environment is through time, then it will show the obvious relationship between environment and human beings and its issues, and it will finish by the question of ethics about human and nature. In recent years, the term environment has replaced the term nature, environment may be understood by what is surrounding us, it can be separated into living components: fauna and flora, and non-living components. Environment

Article Whats Ethical Heres A Simple Test Essay Example For Students

Article: Whats Ethical? Heres A Simple Test Essay Whats ethical? Heres a simple test. Strategic Finance Magazine 81.9 (2000): 24. Online. WilsomSelectPlus. 23 March 2001. The article Whats ethical? Heres a simple test, which is based on the work of Dr. Michael Rion, includes three situations, which are directed to its readers. First situation is about choosing between stopping or not stopping at a stop sign. In the second situation, the author asks its readers to choose between express and regular line in the store. The person in that particular case has just two more items than is allowed to have in order to be in the express line. In the third situation, authors purpose is to check its readers honesty. The article asks us what we would do in these three situations, and then it asks us questions that help us analyze and think through each situation. Next, the article shows us how these simple situations, and the way we solved them help us in making wiser decisions concerning more difficult situations. At the end of this article, the IMA Ethics Committee is interested in how people face and solve their problems. Therefore, the Committee asks for e-mai ls with comments. Also, the Committee invites people for the Conference on ethical issues. First of all, the topic of the article seems to have a main purpose to check our ability to behave ethically in certain situations, and what thinking process we would use. At the beginning, it might not seem difficult because, for example, as situation number one tells us when we come to a stop sign, we know that it is ethical to come to a complete stop even though there is no one around. On the other hand, would we do it? This action would probably be different for people, depending on many situations, and of course depending on people. For example, how they usually act, how they feel at that moment, etc. As a result of this, most of the people do not usually do what they feel is ethical to do; they usually choose easier and faster way in order to get what they want. I think that the article shows us how to go about solving little problems like the one in the first situation. This helps us to find an ethical solution to more complicated circumstances. One can wonder how these situations can possibly reflect how we think about other issues more related to our lives. As the article explains, if we use the decision criteria(1) like how do I feel about what I just did(1), we make practical and reasonable decisions, which in the same time are also ethical. Second of all, there is not enough information to support the articles generalization and conclusion. It is more generalized than specific, and it challenges the readers to arrive with their own answers to their own terms and decision criteria. The article is very short, and it has a big effect on what is included in it. The conclusion of this article is more the invitation to IMA conference about ethics than giving specific answers to the questions asked in each of the three situations. In addition, I think that the article is very persuasive because although not in the direct but in the indirect way it makes the readers to believe that the ethical solution is the best solution. It stretches the fact that the decision that one makes and proudly shares with others is usually an ethical decision. On the other hand, we can conclude that the decision that one makes in the hopes that no one will find out is usually an unethical decision. As I have said, although the article is persuasive, it is also very general. .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .postImageUrl , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:hover , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:visited , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:active { border:0!important; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:active , .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u609c83b2a3d3758f08c4e6d760f25dac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: John Donne (1236 words) Essay Third of all, in the article the language was clearly presented; however, the organization was a little bit tricky. The language presented certainly was clear for the general reader. Indeed, anyone easily could read this article without any problems. I do not think that it could be too simple for an expert because an expert could ask himself more questions or analyze the article more deeply than the ordinary reader. Despite this, the organization plan was not clear and easy to follow at the beginning of the article, though the ideas came through clearly. The beginning of the article there are questions, which ask us what the reader would do about certain situations. Although these questions are not hard, I found it difficult to start answering them, because I was unsure of what exactly I was expected to do. Later on when I read it, it was clear that I was expected to ask myself questions and then answer them in order to find the best way to come up with the right solution for myself. Following the questions made it easier to supply ethical solutions to the problems described. Finally, the material in the article is an interesting way of looking at information that should be commonsense. For example, let us consider situation number three. As youre making a withdrawal from an ATM, a mechanical error gives you an extra $100 but doesnt charge your account. Would you keep the money or return it? Why ? The ethical solution is to give the money back to the bank at the next business day. Otherwise, if the person would keep the money the disadvantages most likely will outweigh the advantages. Later, the article has questions to help its readers to analyze the problem. Also, the article encourages investigating this situation. Then it sets a good example, if we choose the ethical solution to our approach. Indeed, after we would choose this ethical answer to our dilemma, we could proudly talk about that. On the other hand, if we would choose the unethical solution then we wouldnt be comfortable talking about that. I read that because todays economy is driven by knowledge, not physical assets, information helps improve products and services. It brings us to the point that if we have knowledge about certain things like ATM machines, we are able to make more thoughtful and therefore ethical decisions, which we are proud of. The article suggests that common persons need to make choices e very day. For instance, when they are in stores there are all different kinds of brands for almost everything. As I was told in class, an ethical solution now helps to escape from a worse situation later. It means that although an ethical decision might be not as desirable as the unethical decision would be in that particular time, for the long run the ethical situation will save us worry. This relates to the third situation about the ATM from the article. Let us say that a person would decide to take the $100 and never return it. Would it change the situation if the ATM machines have video cameras? In that case, probably yes, because then the bankers would know who took more money that the person was supposed to take. This person would be in an uncomfortable situation now if he did not give back the money. This shows, knowledge about a particular thing is very helpful in order to make ethical decisions. To conclude, if we use our knowledge and critical thinking, we would make wise and at the same time ethical decisions. In the three situations explained in the article, we learn how to start including all the factors and going step by step in order to get the most desirable solution, which can be proudly shared with family members and friends. Business Essays

Iraq War in 2003

Introduction Iraq war 2003 is considered as the 2nd Gulf war. In 2001, when George Bush became the president, chances of war in Iraq grew rapidly as Bush administration accused Iraq of producing weapons of mass destruction. Iraq countered this allegation, but could not stop the US from pushing the issue further. Afterwards, the war started on March 20, 2003 in which US was supported by around 40 countries. The power was taken from Saddam in just few days but the effects of the war can still be seen after 9 years (Fitzgerald, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Iraq War in 2003 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coverage by Gulf News Most of the articles in Gulf News cover the destruction that the world has seen as a result of this war that was never desired by people of Iraq. The poverty level has gone up sharply as benefits provided by Saddam’s government certainly stopped after his demise. Acco rding to an article published in Gulf news on February 4, 2012, there were around 100,000 Iraqis killed as a result of bombing and numerous others have died in other violence and sectarian attacks (Gulf News, 2012). The Humanitarian Group Relief International estimates that 10% of the women are widower and are leading households in Iraq. Another article in the Gulf News also covers the stories regarding the torture faced by the prisoners in the occupied country from the attacking alliance, which is a clear violation of human rights and the UN constitution (Gulf News, 2010). Coverage by Washington Post Washington Post started to give coverage to the Iraq war since the inception of the debate on Iraq in the US Congress. Later the resolution was passed to attack Iraq by the US government. The article titled ‘Hussain’s Baghdad Falls’, designates Saddam a ruthless leader. It holds Saddam responsible for spreading poverty and fear in the country for decades. The articl e clearly justifies actions of the US government. Another articles placed in the Washington Post on December 10, 2011 states consequences of US war against Iraq. It mentions that the people perceive the US army as the killer, not the defender, and they are certainly against the long term presence of the US army in their Iraq. The article further mentions that around 92,614 people were killed by the US army from March 2003 to March 2008, but exactly how many Iraqis were killed may never be known (Sly, 2005). Coverage by Azzaman Newspaper The views covered by the Iraqi newspapers is quite different from that published in Washington Post however, there are similarities with those of Gulf News. The news paper covered the loss as a resultant of the war including the loss of killing the innocent citizen, destruction to infrastructure and the economy as whole. Moreover, it talked about the effects of war on the control of oil rich region where Kurds do not allow national army to make any i nterference. This region which borders with Turkey has been the root of conflict between Iraq and Turkey which is leading to imbalance in the region and could lead to civil war within Iraq (Abdulsalam, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion The Gulf News and Azzaman have presented the actual picture of the condition of Iraq since the inception of the war. They have covered the loss sustained by the people as well as their perception regarding this war. The Washington Times, on the other hand, has tried to defend the vicious acts of the US government. It blames Saddam Hussain for all that is happening in Iraq and further, an impression has been created that the US government is being helpful to the people by financially supporting them. Reference List Abdulsalam, F. (2012). War over oil and wealth in Iraq. Azzaman. Web. Fitzgerald, P. (2011). Iraq War Summary. The fin er times. Web. Gulf News. (2010). Prosecute those Involved in Iraq War. Gulf news. Web. Gulf News. (2012). Iraq war widows face government apathy. Gulf news. Web. Sly, L. (2005). Civilian killings created insurmountable hurdle to extended U.S. troop presence in Iraq.  Washington Post. Web.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Iraq War in 2003 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This research paper on Iraq War in 2003 was written and submitted by user Scream to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on D -12s Bio

In the post-Motown landscape of Detroit, brothers rocking the mic are still being considered the voice of young America. Yet, instead of dreaming of blue skies and white picket fences, the unruly boys known as D12 create surreal universes of wild times and unruly rhymes. On their bombastic sophomore effort, D-12 World, this motley crew of versatile style slayers mixes the rowdiness and absurdities of their lives into one potent cocktail. Two years after selling four million copies worldwide of their debut Devil’s Night, these motor city wild boys are on a mission to define themselves in the hectic canon of now-school hip-hop. â€Å"In D-12 World, anything can happen at any time,† Kuniva laughs. â€Å"Devil’s Night was just an introduction, now it’s time for us to really go crazy.† With a lineup that includes sharp tongued Eminem, crazy cat Bizarre, beatmaster Kon Artis, laid-back Swift, chilled-out Kuniva and freestyle king Proof, the D12 posse is already popular. The group’s debut disc received rave reviews in the press. USA Today wrote, â€Å"The garishly funky beats that underpin the diabolically clever wordplay make the album hard to dismiss†¦their diatribes seem born less of anger and more of disdain for all that’s politically correct.† Indeed, Devil’s Night established D12 as one of the super groups of the new millennium with its chart-topping single’s â€Å"Purple Pills† and â€Å"Fight Music† and with their outlandish antics on record and in performance. So what if Eminem has nine Grammys and one Oscar (â€Å"Lose Yourself† from the 8 Mile soundtrack); so what if Mr. Shady has proven himself as a film star (8 Mile) and America’s most popular rapper, when D12 is in the house, he’s just another group member. â€Å"We all knew each other growing up in Detroit,† Proof remembers. â€Å"I used to sneak Em into my school lunchroom just so he could battle. Later, when we started battling once a month at Maurice Malone’... Free Essays on D -12's Bio Free Essays on D -12's Bio In the post-Motown landscape of Detroit, brothers rocking the mic are still being considered the voice of young America. Yet, instead of dreaming of blue skies and white picket fences, the unruly boys known as D12 create surreal universes of wild times and unruly rhymes. On their bombastic sophomore effort, D-12 World, this motley crew of versatile style slayers mixes the rowdiness and absurdities of their lives into one potent cocktail. Two years after selling four million copies worldwide of their debut Devil’s Night, these motor city wild boys are on a mission to define themselves in the hectic canon of now-school hip-hop. â€Å"In D-12 World, anything can happen at any time,† Kuniva laughs. â€Å"Devil’s Night was just an introduction, now it’s time for us to really go crazy.† With a lineup that includes sharp tongued Eminem, crazy cat Bizarre, beatmaster Kon Artis, laid-back Swift, chilled-out Kuniva and freestyle king Proof, the D12 posse is already popular. The group’s debut disc received rave reviews in the press. USA Today wrote, â€Å"The garishly funky beats that underpin the diabolically clever wordplay make the album hard to dismiss†¦their diatribes seem born less of anger and more of disdain for all that’s politically correct.† Indeed, Devil’s Night established D12 as one of the super groups of the new millennium with its chart-topping single’s â€Å"Purple Pills† and â€Å"Fight Music† and with their outlandish antics on record and in performance. So what if Eminem has nine Grammys and one Oscar (â€Å"Lose Yourself† from the 8 Mile soundtrack); so what if Mr. Shady has proven himself as a film star (8 Mile) and America’s most popular rapper, when D12 is in the house, he’s just another group member. â€Å"We all knew each other growing up in Detroit,† Proof remembers. â€Å"I used to sneak Em into my school lunchroom just so he could battle. Later, when we started battling once a month at Maurice Malone’...

Managing of Energy Assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managing of Energy Assets - Essay Example Proposed technique and Justification for the Technique 12 6. Conclusion 13 7. References 14 Monitoring Transformer Performance 1. Introduction Before going to present the proposal for instruments and techniques that can be used to monitor the condition of a transformer, let us get a better understanding of what transformer actually is and why is it important to supply electricity through the network. A transformer is an electric device, which is designed to convert alternating voltage from one level to another usually from high voltage to low voltage. Transformers work on the principle of magnetic induction. Dickinson (2009) states, â€Å"Transformers under load generate heat due to winding (copper) and core losses occurring during operation†. Transformers are solid-state devices, as they have no moving parts in them. The step up or step down in the voltages is the main use of every transformer. 2. Oil Filled Transformers There are two main categories of transformers, which in clude dry type and liquid filled transformers. In this paper, we will prepare a proposal for oil-filled transformers at substations, which are one of the main types of liquid filled transformers. Oil filled transformers make use of cellulose paper and mineral based oil in their insulation systems. This combination of cellulose paper and oil is very good for the working of transformers because they provide remarkable dielectric and thermal properties at a low cost. About this combination, Dickinson (2009) states, â€Å"So popular and effective are these units, that all other transformer designs are judged in relation to them†. For outdoor usage, oil filled transformers are the best ones among all types of transformers because of their low purchase costs and thermal and dielectric properties. The inclusion of mineral oil in the oil-filled transformers although makes them flammable but the low cost associated with these transformers makes them a good choice for power distributio n companies. The low purchase cost of oil-filled transformers makes them an attractive choice for all types of power distribution companies. Dickinson (2009) asserts, â€Å"Oil-filled transformers, thanks to their lower purchase costs, find applications in literally every sort of power distribution†. The only weakness of mineral oil filled transformers is flammability, which is the reason why these transformers are allowed only in outdoor locations because outdoor locations are considered safe for the installation of oil-filled transformers because of availability of proper fire protection mechanisms. Experts suggest that the consumers should always buy oil-filled transformers from trusted manufacturers because they ensure lowest level of flammability in the oil-filled transformers. Flammability is such a weakness of oil-filled transformers that most of the power distribution companies seek good replacements of oil-filled dtransformers, which should be non-flammable. This is the reason why dry type transformers have been popular for decades because they are completely free from this weakness. Dry type transformers make use of high temperature insulation instead of mineral oil which them a risk free option for power distribution companies. â€Å"Dry type transformer construction uses high-temperature insulation that exceeds the ratings of cellulose or 'O' and 'K' class fluids† (Dickinson 2009). There is no risk of flammability in

The reinterpretation of dreams; The role of cognition in classical and Essay

The reinterpretation of dreams; The role of cognition in classical and operant conditioning - Essay Example 882). As Revonsuo argues that nightmares do not support psychological theories according to which dreams serve emotional healing and adjustment problems. Revonsuo argues, however, that dream content is not as random as theorists claim. In fact, dream content is not only highly organized, but also highly selective. While dreaming occurs, the brain recreates a complicated representation of the world and these representations can either exaggerate waking world experiences of downplay them (Revonsuo 783). Revonsuo also argues that the content of dreams illustrates that dreams are mediated by specific experiences in the waking world. As a result, Revonsuo hypothesizes that dreams are therefore biological functions that serve to â€Å"simulate threatening events, and to rehearse threat perception and threat avoidance† (p. 783). Revonsuo supports his hypothesis by arguing that empirical studies consistently demonstrate that dream content is usually associated with â€Å"threatening elements† (p. 883). In other words, dreams usually involve negative experiences and rarely involve positive experiences. For example, a study conducted by Hall and Van de Castle in 1966) involved dream recollections from 500 females and 500 males between the ages of 18 and 25. The contents of the dream recollections revealed that 80% of the dream contents were negative experiences and only 20% contained positive experiences. Relying on the study conducted by Hall and Van de Castle, Revonsuo observes that a majority of the negative dreams were comprised of attacks or apprehensions of attacks from strange men or animals and in each case the dreamer either took flight or attempted to take flight or hid, or immediate arose from sleep (p. 884). Revonsuo evaluates why strange men and/or animals are the predominant threats in dream contents. Revonsuo goes back to the experiences of primitive man and notes that our ancestors existed in an environment in which animals were persistent t hreats. Our ancestors developed a survival instinct in which running, hiding or otherwise escaping became a staple coping mechanism. These human fears and instincts continue to haunt modern man. Dreaming simulates and perpetuates our instinctive and ancestral â€Å"threat-avoidance programs† (Revonsuo 884). Moreover, human relations were such that men often fought with one another for access to resources necessary for basic living. Although today, interactions with strange men are rarely threatening, it remains true that violence and wars are more frequently committed by males than by females. Therefore unpleasant dream contents in which strange men are the aggressor are also rooted in our ancestors’ survival instincts (Revonsuo 884). Essentially, Revonsuo concludes that dreams represent simulations of threats and that actions played out in dreams are actually representations of waking world experiences of possibilities. Dreaming about perceptions of threats and mechan isms for avoiding threats is no more than a rehearsal or simulation technique conducted in a relatively safe location: the dream world (Revonsuo). Essay 2: Kirsch, I.; Lynn, S. J.; Vigorito, M. and Miller, R. R. â€Å"The Role of Cognition in Classical and Operant Conditioning.† Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 4(2004): 369-392. Previously classical condition was perceived as a reflexive response to external stimuli. For example,